Analysis of Predisposing, Enabling, and Reinforcing Factors as Determinants of Sedentary Behavior Among Adolescents in Medan

Abstract

Sedentary behavior among adolescents has emerged as an increasingly concerning public health issue, particularly in urban areas such as Medan City. This study aims to analyze the association between predisposing factors (gender, age, knowledge, attitude, motivation, and self-efficacy), enabling factors (facilities), and reinforcing factors (income and family support) and sedentary behavior among adolescents. A cross-sectional study design with purposive sampling was used, involving 100 adolescent respondents aged 15-24 years. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the chi-square test to identify the association between independent variables and sedentary behavior. The results of the analysis indicated that gender (p=0.022), knowledge (p=0.002), attitude (p=0.026), motivation (p=0.037), self-efficacy (p=0.016), facilities (p=0.007), and family support (p=0.022) were significantly related to sedentary behavior, whereas age (p=0.098) and income (p=0.079) showed no significant association. Promotive and preventive interventions should focus on enhancing health literacy, providing facilities that support physical activity, and involving families in shaping healthy habits among adolescents. A multisectoral approach based on schools and communities is recommended to sustainably reduce the prevalence of sedentary behavior.